On Wikipedia : "The claustrum usually connects to the cortex in an ipsilateral manner; however, the few that travel contralaterally are considerably weaker than the former. The claustrum acts as a conductor for inputs from the cortical regions so these respective areas do not become unsynchronized. Without the claustrum, one could respond to stimuli that are familiar to the individual but not to complex events. Additionally, the claustrum is essential in combining sensory and motor modalities so that various anatomical patterns are present. One of the proposed functions of the claustrum is to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information so that the latter can be ignored. Cortical components of consciousness include the fronto-parietal cortex, cingulate and precuneus. Due to the claustrum's widespread connectivity to these areas, it is suggested that it may play a role in both attention and consciousness. The neural networks that mediate sustained attention and consciousness implicate numerous cortical areas, many of which overlap in connectivity with the claustrum. Previous clinical reports suggest that conscious processes are lateralized to the left hemisphere in humans.
(...) Altogether, these findings leave the claustrum as the most highly connected structure per regional volume in the brain and suggest that it may serve as a hub to coordinate activity of cerebral circuits."
(...) The claustrum has been shown to have widespread activity to numerous cortical components, all of which that have been associated with having components of consciousness and sustained attention. This is because of widespread connectivity to fronto-parietal areas, cingulate cortex and thalami. Sustained attention being from the connections to the cingulate cortex, temporal cortex, and thalamus.
Crick and Koch suggest that the claustrum has a role similar to that of a conductor within an orchestra; as it attempts to co-ordinate the function of all connections. This “conductor” notion can also be supported through connections between claustral, sensory, and frontal regions. The claustrum has been confirmed to be reciprocally connected to the prefrontal cortex, visual, auditory, sensory, and motor regions respectively. Connections to these modalities provide insight into the functionality of the claustrum. Here it is proposed that the claustrum functions in the gating of selective attention. Through this gating process, the claustrum can selectively control input from these modalities to facilitate the process of “focusing”. It has also been suggested that it operates in the opposite context; through divisive normalization the claustrum may implement resistance to certain input modalities to prevent “distraction”."
"In a recent paper we reported a positive association between general intelligence and semen quality in male humans. Specifically, in a sample of 425 Vietnam-era veterans, we found positive correlations between a g factor (representing general intelligence, extracted from factor analysis of five well-validated cognitive tests) and three independent measures of semen quality: sperm concentration (r = 0.15, p = 0.002), sperm count (r = 0.19, p = 0.001) and sperm motility (r = 0.14, p = 0.002). None of these correlations were mediated by age, body mass index, combat experience in Vietnam, use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana or hard drugs or days of sexual abstinence before collection of the semen sample. We argued that although these correlations were small in magnitude, they might be theoretically important for understanding the evolutionary genetics of human phenotypic variation."
The genetic, biochemical and physiological overlap between brain function and semen function illustrates why pleiotropic mutations may create a general ’fitness factor’ across many phenotypic traits—not only in humans, but in all organisms subject to a balance between harmful mutations and purifying selection.
Both neurons and sperm have high concentrations of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) relative to other body tissues. Specifically, the long chain PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] (DHA) and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] (AA) are the dominant essential fatty acid components of the brain. They are concentrated at synaptic terminals and play a central role in neurodevelopment function and maintenance. Crawford2 and Broadhurst3 described the high degree of evolutionary conservation of DHA and AA in the brains of land mammals, including humans. While AA is readily available in the land-based food chain, DHA is available largely from the marine food chain, suggesting that hominids probably evolved with access to seafood in addition to hunted land animals.
Similarly, sperm and retinal photoreceptor cells, in addition to olfactory sensory neurons, seem to share functional similarities in employing cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels in response to chemotactic, photonic and odorant signals, respectively. Many of these channels in sperm are T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels involved in AR regulation,while other odorant gene family receptors that are sperm-specific appear to directly regulate sperm motility and chemotaxis by downstream activation of CaV3.2 (α1H) Ca2+ ion channels. The CACNA1H gene encodes this ion channel, which is heavily expressed in the neocortex as well, and various mutations have been implicated in case studies of childhood absence seizures and idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
In addition to odorant receptors, mammalian sperm are known to express many other “neuronal” and classical neurotransmitter receptors implicated in essential roles of sperm function, particularly exocytosis. While the adaptive functions of sperm and neurons are ostensibly different, exocytosis is central to their individual abilities to perform these functions, and striking parallels in exocytosis function have been described. Neurons use exocytosis for neurite outgrowth and to release neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles, while sperm use exocytosis to perform the acrosomal reaction (AR), in which the plasma membrane of the sperm fuses with the egg's plasma membrane to facilitate fertilization.
NEURITE OUTGROWTH
ACROSOMAL REACTION
The acrosome is thus a modified secretory vesicle, containing enzymes and other fertilization factors, and seems analogous to the neurotransmitter vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane of the neuron to release its contents into the synaptic cleft. Biochemically, conception is a sort of synaptic communication between gametes—or synaptic communication is the way neurons impregnate each other with information.
To perform this exocytosis, sperm and neurons both use an intricate system of plasma membrane proteins consisting of syntaxin [a SNARE (soluble NSF-attachment receptor) protein], SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), and synaptobrevin, among others. PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) directly modulate this system by increasing the physiological efficacy of lipid rafts aggregating these proteins, as well as undergoing intracellular phospholipase action (due to their favorable dissociation mechanics) to produce arachidonic acid, a soluble PUFA not requiring a protein chaperone. AA in turn activates the membranous protein complex to initiate membrane fusion in exocytosis.
On Wikipedia : Arachidonic acid is not one of the essential fatty acids. However, it does become essential if a deficiency in linoleic acid exists or if there is an inability to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid occurs. Some mammals lack the ability or have a very limited capacity to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid, making it an essential part of their diets. Since little or no arachidonic acid is found in common plants, such animals are obligate carnivores; the cat is a common example having inability to desaturate essential fatty acids. A commercial source of arachidonic acid has been derived, however, from the fungus Mortierella alpina.
In fact the Mortierella alpina is a mushroom, one plant that has more protein than beef.
It is interesting how vegetable that provide a high level of proteins are the same that burn fat easily.
Few years ago, I twitted Ricky Gervais that maybe, we shall collect nails all over the world to send in Chinese Consulates and Embassies in order to stop the killing of Rhino. In nails, there can be fungus and the precious formula for fertility, especially if we go hunting in the poor areas of the world. Kittens can also give fungus with the magical ring worm that grows naturally on cats when it comes in contact with fleas. DON'T KILL the cats!!!! That was a metaphor to explain that a reaction between two organisms can favor the fertility, but the real fertility is not into the enzymes.
As would say Archimedes, take a bath for example.
Seminal retention is for men, but what about women? Same. Mushrooms will bring more arachidonic acid to the brain what can increase both fertility and intelligence. Too much intellectual activity without arachidonic acid reduces fertility. Too much .... ? What, females cannot stop their cycle?
Smell good,
look good
and eat good also !
I have selected some recipes using mushrooms
Here are also some good perfumes
Those are some fashion advices
Now, if you have eaten all your mushrooms
to process your brain properly,
you shall see that killing rhinoceros is bad !
Most eggs pass through the fallopian tubes without being fertilized what create the female menstruation.
- "to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information"
- "it may play a role in both attention and consciousness"
The more claustrum circulates in the body
to go down the testicles,
then you get the idea,
the more mushrooms he must eat.
PROPOSITIONS
- Forbid the word "seminal" because it gives a wrong understanding of the role of men and women in fertilization.
- .... please comment and subscribe to the newsletter down the page.
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